過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
形式：was /were + V-ing
表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
一、結(jié)構(gòu)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=主語+was/were+doing+其它。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)否定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=主語+was/were+not+doing+其它。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般疑問句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=Was/Were+主語+doing+其它。
答語：Yes,主語 was/were. 或No,主語 wasn't/weren’t。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)特殊疑問句基本結(jié)構(gòu)=特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句+其它。
以下是各種句型的例句：
1.We were having supper when the phone rang.
我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)，電話響了?
2.This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV.
昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候杰克沒看電視。
3.He was repairing his bike.
他在修理自行車。
4.When/While we were having supper, the light went out.
我們正在吃飯時(shí)，燈熄滅了。
5.While we were talking, the teacher came in.
當(dāng)我們正在談話時(shí),老師進(jìn)來了。
6.While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報(bào)。
7.He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車時(shí)，我正在做飯。
8.Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.
湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。
二、含義
· 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
1.While you were writing letters，I was reading a book.
你寫信的時(shí)候，我在看書。
2.While we were having breakfast，John was talking on the tele-phone.
我們吃早飯的時(shí)候，約翰在打電話。
· 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)在一個(gè)句子里使用，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于主句，亦可用于從句。
1.Just as I was leaving the house，the telephone rang.
我正要出門，電話鈴響了。（用于從句）
2.He broke his leg when he was playing football.
他踢足球的時(shí)候把腿傷了。（用于從句）
3.She was reading when he called.
他來訪時(shí)，她正在看書。（用于主句）
三、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在句子中的作用
1、表示原因。例句：
I didn’t hear what you said;I was looking at the picture.
我沒有聽見你的話，我在看那幅畫。
2、對所說的話進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。在小說的對話中，有時(shí)引述動(dòng)詞不用一般過去時(shí)，而用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，意在強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的話，語氣較重，且更為生動(dòng)。例句：
A：“Did they catch her?”Mary was asking.
“他們抓住她了嗎？”只聽得瑪麗問道。
B:”No,she escaped.”Tom told her.
“沒有，她逃走了。”湯姆告訴她。
3、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可和when結(jié)構(gòu)遙相呼應(yīng)，含有意外之意。例句：
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我。
4、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)淼牟孪肭闆r，有時(shí)表示不耐煩等情緒。例句：
I was going to phone you,but I just didn’t have time.
我本想給你打電話的，但就是沒有時(shí)間。
The basketball match was taking place the next day,but it had to be canceled because of the heavy rain.
籃球賽原定第二天舉行的，但因大雨不得不取消。
5、用來陳述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了。她患了很嚴(yán)重的心臟病。
6、與always,constantly等詞連用，表示感情色彩。例句:
The girl was always changing her mind.
這女孩老是改變主意。
7、表示動(dòng)作的未完成性。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的未完成性，即對某事了解的不全面，希望得到更詳細(xì)的情況。例句：
I was hearing Susan had entered the college.
我聽說蘇珊上了大學(xué)。
8、表示繼續(xù)剛剛中斷的談話，用于日常生活中。例句：
As I were telling you,the boy took his stubbornness from his father.
正想我剛剛告訴你的，這孩子的犟脾氣是他爸爸遺傳給他的。
As she was telling me,we must depend upon ourselves to make our own way as best we can.
正如她所告訴我的，我們必須依靠自己竭盡全力走自己的路。
9、表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣，只限于want,hope,wonder等動(dòng)詞，用以提出請求。例句：
I was wondering if you could help me.
我想知道你是否能夠幫助我。
10、表示對比。
例句： He was not sitting idle,he was making preparations.
他沒有閑坐著，他在做準(zhǔn)備。
While the children were playing in the shade,their parents were working in the scorching sun.
孩子們在樹蔭下玩耍，而他們的父母卻在烈日下勞作。